New approach to form non-equilibrium structures

Although most natural and synthetic processes prefer to settle into equilibrium--a state of unchanging balance without potential or energy--it is within the realm of non-equilibrium conditions where new possibilities lie. Non-equilibrium systems experience constant changes in energy and phases, such as temperature fluctuations, freezing and melting, or movement. These conditions allow humans to regulate their body temperature, airplanes to fly, and the Earth to rumble with seismic activity.